Peru
Mission Trips

Peru is a diverse and culturally rich South American country with a stunning and varied landscape. Its geography is famously divided into three distinct regions: the arid Pacific coast, the majestic Andes Mountains in the central highlands, and the vast Amazon rainforest in the east. This geographical variety results in a wide range of climates and ecosystems, and a fascinating array of people groups, from bustling urban centers on the coast to traditional mountain communities.

Peruvian culture is a vibrant blend of indigenous, European, African, and Asian influences, reflected in its art, music, and world-renowned cuisine. While Spanish is the primary language, indigenous languages like Quechua are also widely spoken in many communities. This rich heritage is a constant presence, from the intricate textiles woven in the Andes and used in daily dress to the lively festivals celebrated throughout the year. 

Peru's ancient history is deeply intertwined with its modern identity. The Inca Empire left an indelible mark on the landscape, with iconic archaeological sites like the awe-inspiring citadel of Machu Picchu serving as powerful symbols of the country’s rich heritage. These sites are a constant reminder of the sophisticated societies that flourished long ago. 

The people and traditions of Peru are as diverse as its geography. The coastal urban centers are modern and energetic, while many mountain communities maintain traditional ways of life that have been passed down for generations. The people of the Amazon, in turn, have a deep connection to their rainforest environment. This regional diversity contributes to a beautiful national mosaic. By partnering with us for a Peru mission trip, you can experience this unique blend of ancient and modern life, serving in a way that truly connects you with the people and makes a lasting impact. 

Climate

Peru's climate varies greatly in its three distinct geographical regions: the coast, the Andes, and the Amazon rainforest. Along the Pacific coast, the climate is a subtropical desert, with very little rainfall. The cold Humboldt Current keeps coastal temperatures moderate, often creating a persistent, damp fog known as garúa, especially during the winter months from June to October. In the central highlands of the Andes Mountains, the climate varies dramatically with altitude, ranging from temperate to frigid. Here, a prominent dry season extends from May to October, while the rainy season lasts from November to April. The eastern lowlands, covered by the Amazon rainforest, experience a tropical climate that is hot, humid, and rainy year-round. Rainfall in the Amazon is abundant, though there is a "less rainy" season from June to September. 

Language

Peru is a multilingual nation with a rich heritage. While Spanish is the official and most widely spoken language, many Peruvians, particularly in the highlands and rural areas, also speak indigenous languages. The most prominent of these are Quechua, the language of the Inca Empire, and Aymara, both of which are recognized as official languages alongside Spanish in regions where they are prevalent. The Amazon region is home to a wide variety of other indigenous languages, contributing to Peru's diverse linguistic landscape.

Safety

Overall, Peru is safe to visit. As in every country, there are areas to avoid and visitors are encouraged to be mindful of their surroundings and take precautions. Crime rarely impacts tourists, and PPM staff work with locals to establish appropriate responses in case of natural disaster. We recommend that you consult your doctor for any medical advice before you travel abroad. Your PPM staff and host partners are invested in keeping your team safe and will ensure that your team is well cared for.

Economy

Peru's economy is one of the fastest-growing in Latin America, primarily driven by its abundance of natural resources. The mining sector is a cornerstone, as Peru is a major global producer of minerals such as copper, gold, and zinc. Agriculture and fishing are also key industries, with the country being a significant exporter of products like asparagus, grapes, and fishmeal. In recent years, Peru has gained international recognition for its world-class gastronomy, which has fueled a booming tourism sector and contributed to economic growth.

Currency

The currency in Peru is the sol, which has an exchange rate of roughly 3.5 Peru sol to 1 US dollar.

Peruvian cuisine is celebrated worldwide for its rich and vibrant fusion of flavors. Its unique identity stems from a blend of indigenous, Spanish, African, Chinese, and Japanese influences, creating a truly multicultural culinary experience. Staples like the potato, with over 4,000 native varieties, are central to many dishes, but it's the creative use of ingredients and techniques—from the citrus-cured seafood in ceviche to the Chinese-influenced stir-fries of lomo saltado—that makes Peruvian food so unique and delicious.

As a popular tourist destination and large country, Peru offers many unique and fun experiences for visitors. From vibrant cultural dances, modern cities, rocky coastlines, fishing & jungle tours, exploring the mountainous Machu Picchu, the opportunities are endless depending on the region you are in. Locals often center their leisure around shared activities with family and friends. Football (soccer) is a national passion, with people of all ages following their favorite teams, and social gatherings often revolve around enjoying a delicious meal together.

History

The history of Peru is complex and fascinating. It is home to some of the oldest and most advanced civilizations in the Americas. Flourishing along the coast and in the Andes, cultures like the Chavín, Moche, and Nazca left behind a legacy of sophisticated irrigation systems, intricate art, and monumental architecture. However, the most renowned of these was the Inca Empire, which emerged in the 15th century and, within a century, grew to become the largest empire in the Americas. With its capital in Cusco, the Incas built a vast network of roads, impressive stone fortresses, and agricultural terraces.

The arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century marked a pivotal and violent turning point. Led by Francisco Pizarro, a small force of conquistadors took advantage of a civil war between two Inca brothers, Atahualpa and Huáscar. Despite being vastly outnumbered, the Spanish, aided by superior weaponry and the introduction of European diseases, captured and killed the Inca emperor, Atahualpa, in 1533. This event effectively toppled the empire and led to a decades-long conquest, ending with the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru. For nearly 300 years, Peru operated as the center of Spanish power in South America, its vast mineral wealth—especially silver from the Potosí mine—fueling the Spanish Empire. The colonial era left a lasting impact on Peruvian society, blending Indigenous traditions with Spanish language, religion, and culture.

Peru's path to independence was one of the most difficult in South America. The country was a royalist stronghold, loyal to the Spanish Crown, and many independence movements were suppressed. It was not until the arrival of foreign armies, led by Argentine General José de San Martín in 1821 and Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar in 1824, that the final battles for independence were fought. While Peru declared its independence in 1821, the last Spanish troops were not defeated until the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824, solidifying the republic's sovereignty. The 20th century saw periods of political instability, military rule, and economic challenges, but also a return to democracy and, more recently, a period of stability and sustained economic growth. Today, Peru is moving forward as a vibrant and modern nation.

Religion

Christianity is the predominant religion in Peru, a legacy of the Spanish colonial era. While the majority of the population identifies as Catholic, many indigenous communities in the Andes and Amazon have blended Catholic traditions with their ancestral spiritual beliefs, resulting in a unique form of religious syncretism.